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“I am the voice of the Knight Industries Two Thousand…”
was the introduction of K.I.T.T., the car from my favorite TV show back in the ’80s. K.I.T.T from Knight Rider was my inspiration for getting into building Artificial Intelligent robots. K.I.T.T was personified and given human abilities. It could not only talk but could also drive itself, make decisions and be a friend and companion to Michael Knight. So much so that sometimes we forget that K.I.T.T was not human.
At the time, the show came out with the more than Futuristic K.I.T.T. it was close to unbelievable that such a robot could exist. However, with the advancement of technology today, this is not only believable but also a reality.
In this article, we discover how we can replicate the human-like abilities that K.I.T.T possessed using algorithms and tools we have today.
As humans, our ability to think surpasses any other creature. Our brain is extremely complex. However, with the advancement in Learning using Deep Neural Networks this ability is replicated in computers as well. The algorithms of Artificial and Recurrent Neural Networks is based on the structure of the human brain.
Google’s TensorFlow [ https://www.tensorflow.org ], Facebook’s Pytorch [ https://pytorch.org ], H20.ai [ https://www.h2o.ai ] and many more companies are creating groundbreaking architectures in Deep Neural Networks. By training Neural Net on past data or with allowing a Neural Net to learn on its own using Re-enforcement learning we are effectively able to create a brain in a computer than can think better and faster than us humans, but for now limited to a specific task.
Machine Learning algorithms that can be implemented with scikit-learn [ https://scikit-learn.org ] or Knime [https://www.knime.com] are also used to make specific data-based decisions as well. Using trained framework ML algorithms are used to make predictive or grouping based decisions that we humans inherently do.
We as humans can perceive the world around us with our power to see. We do two things when we see i.e., recognize what items are and where they are located.
We train robots to do both these as well. Libraries such as OpenCV [ https://opencv.org ], SimpleCV [ http://simplecv.org ] gives us programmers the ability to transfer our power of sight to computers. We can train the computer to work on static images or video feeds from cameras and then build algorithms to allow robots to understand those images. Algorithms such as Yolo [ https://pjreddie.com/yolo ], Faster RCNN (Shaoqing Ren at al, 2016), Single Shot Multibox Detector (Wei Liu et al., 2016) and more are excellent at detecting objects in a scene once trained.
One of the other things we as humans can do is to read, our brains are easily able to transfer written text into information for processing. OCR Engines like Tesseract [ https://opensource.google.com/projects/tesseract ] or ABBYY FineReader [ https://www.abbyy.com/en-eu/finereader ], which combined with an Efficient Accurate Scene Text (EAST) Detection Algorithm (Zhou et al.’s 2017) we can easily detect as well as convert text into string data.
Communication with each other through sound is a very powerful medium for interactions that we humans use. Computers, on the other hand, are easily able to communicate with each other using binary data forms and for inter-computer based communication, the sound is not a very useful medium for them.
However, when robots want to communicate with us humans or vice versa, we need sound and speech. Applications like Amazon’s Alexa, Apple’s Siri, Google’s Assistant are meant to solve that problem. Moreover, apart from just converting sound from one form to the other using Speech to Text and Text to Speech, they can understand intents and respond to requests with Natural Language Processing (NLP).
From a programmers standpoint libraries using CMUSphynx [ https://cmusphinx.github.io ] and Apache’s OpenNLP [ https://opennlp.apache.org ] help, robots understand how we humans communicate.
Humans can feel, we can sense changes in temperature, pressure and sometimes our body responds with pain and discomfort when those parameters from the environment go out of bounds. Some of these parameters are required for robots as well as they need to respond to those changes in the environment.
Sensors can measure almost all environmental parameters and quantitatively convert them to numbers that can be taken and processed by robots. With sensors for everything from pressure, temperature, humidity, position, toxicity, and more robots can receive a lot of gigabytes of accurate data than what we humans could measure with our fingertips.
From a programmer’s perspective, Credit Card and small-sized edge computers such as the Raspberry Pi [ https://www.raspberrypi.org ] and the Arduino [ https://www.arduino.cc ] are perfect for receiving, processing and communicating this data from the environment. Sensors connect to the GPIO pins on the boards to receive and process data.
After receiving the information via sight, sound and touch, the data that proceeds to our brains with our thought then converts them into decisions that we make. Our muscles then transform those decisions into action. Those actions are executed either in the physical world or feed those actions using the computer input devices (the mouse and the keyboard) into a computer to further actionize those inputs.
In the virtual world, this is where Robotics Process Automation (RPA) comes in. Tools like AutoIT [ http://autoitscript.com ] and Sikuli [ http://sikulix.com ] which are free and tools like UiPath [ http://uipath.com ], Automation Anywhere [ https://www.automationanywhere.com ], BluePrism [ https://www.blueprism.com ] and Workfusion [ https://www.workfusion.com ] which are licensed enable RPA.
In the physical world, robots take information from the cognitive functions of the Deep Neural Net and act upon them. Take for example a computer vision-based sorting machine that removes defective parts based on visual inspection.
By studying each of the human abilities and looking at the tools that are already prevalent in the market that replicate each of the individual human abilities that K.I.T.T portrayed into a computer-based algorithm, we can now combine these pieces to create an implementable map for General AI. Transferring the human abilities of Thought, Sight, Sound, Touch, and Action into a Robotic Framework becomes an achievable goal.
The one ability that K.I.T.T had that we have not been able to replicate is human emotion, the feelings of love, trust and respect for each other are still unique to humans, but even those may be algorithmically driven in the days to come!
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THE PLACEMENT DOCUMENT MAY NOT BE DOWNLOADED, DELIVERED, FORWARDED OR DISTRIBUTED, ELECTRONICALLY OR OTHERWISE, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, TO ANY OTHER PERSON AND MAY NOT BE REPRODUCED IN ANY MANNER WHATSOEVER. ANY DOWNLOADING, FORWARDING, DELIVERY, DISTRIBUTION OR REPRODUCTION OF THE PLACEMENT DOCUMENT IN WHOLE OR IN PART IS UNAUTHORIZED. FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH THIS DISCLAIMER MAY RESULT IN A VIOLATION OF THE APPLICABLE LAWS.
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YOU MUST READ THE FOLLOWING DISCLAIMER AND AGREE WITH THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS DISCLAIMER BEFORE CONTINUING. PLEASE READ THIS NOTICE CAREFULLY. IT APPLIES TO ALL PERSONS WHO VIEW THIS WEBSITE. VIEWING THIS INFORMATION MAY NOT BE LAWFUL IN CERTAIN JURISDICTIONS. PLEASE NOTE THAT THE DISCLAIMER SET OUT BELOW MAY BE ALTERED OR UPDATED. YOU SHOULD READ IT IN FULL EACH TIME YOU VISIT THE WEBSITE. BY ACCESSING THIS INFORMATION ON THIS WEBSITE, YOU AGREE TO THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS BELOW, INCLUDING ANY MODIFICATIONS THAT MAY BE MADE TO THEM FROM TIME TO TIME.
THESE MATERIALS ARE NOT DIRECTED AT OR INTENDED TO BE ACCESSED BY PERSONS LOCATED IN THE UNITED STATES OR OTHER JURISDICTIONS OUTSIDE INDIA AND ARE INTENDED FOR DISTRIBUTION TO, AND USE BY, RESIDENTS OF INDIA ONLY.
THESE MATERIALS ARE BEING MADE AVAILABLE ON THIS WEBSITE BY AXISCADES TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED (THE “COMPANY”) SOLELY TO COMPLY WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE BOARD OF INDIA (ISSUE OF CAPITAL AND DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENTS) REGULATIONS, 2018, AS AMENDED (“SEBI ICDR REGULATIONS”) AND THE COMPANIES ACT, 2013 AND THE RULES MADE THEREUNDER, EACH AS AMENDED (“COMPANIES ACT”). MAKING THE PRELIMINARY PLACEMENT DOCUMENT DATED JANUARY 10, 2024, AVAILABLE IN ELECTRONIC FORMAT ON THIS WEBSITE DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL OR THE SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY EQUITY SHARES IN THE PROPOSED QUALIFIED INSTITUTIONS PLACEMENT (“ISSUE”) IN ANY JURISDICTION.
NOTHING HEREIN CONSTITUTES AN OFFER OF SECURITIES FOR SALE IN ANY JURISDICTION WHERE IT IS UNLAWFUL TO DO SO. YOU ARE REMINDED THAT YOU HAVE ACCESSED THE PRELIMINARY PLACEMENT DOCUMENT ON THE BASIS THAT YOU ARE A PERSON INTO WHOSE POSSESSION THE DOCUMENTS MAY BE LAWFULLY DELIVERED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE JURISDICTION IN WHICH YOU ARE LOCATED.
THIS DISCLAIMER APPLIES TO ALL PERSONS WHO VIEW THIS WEBSITE. THE FOLLOWING DISCLAIMER APPLIES TO THE PRELIMINARY PLACEMENT DOCUMENT IN RELATION TO THE PROPOSED QUALIFIED INSTITUTIONS PLACEMENT OF EQUITY SHARES (“EQUITY SHARES”) OF THE COMPANY FILED WITH BSE LIMITED AND THE NATIONAL STOCK EXCHANGE OF INDIA LIMITED (“STOCK EXCHANGES”) (THE “PRELIMINARY PLACEMENT DOCUMENT”). YOU ARE ADVISED TO READ THIS DISCLAIMER CAREFULLY BEFORE READING, ACCESSING OR MAKING ANY OTHER USE OF THE PRELIMINARY PLACEMENT DOCUMENT.
THE EQUITY SHARES OFFERED IN THE ISSUE HAVE NOT BEEN AND WILL NOT BE REGISTERED UNDER THE U.S. SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “U.S. SECURITIES ACT”), OR ANY STATE SECURITIES LAWS IN THE UNITED STATES, AND UNLESS SO REGISTERED, AND MAY NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD IN THE UNITED STATES EXCEPT PURSUANT TO AN EXEMPTION FROM, OR IN A TRANSACTION NOT SUBJECT TO, THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE U.S. SECURITIES ACT AND ANY APPLICABLE U.S. STATE SECURITIES LAWS. YOU UNDERSTAND THAT THE EQUITY SHARES OFFERED IN THE ISSUE ARE BEING OFFERED AND SOLD ONLY OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES IN “OFFSHORE TRANSACTIONS”, AS DEFINED IN, AND IN RELIANCE ON, REGULATION S UNDER THE U.S. SECURITIES ACT (“REGULATION S”) AND YOU REPRESENT THAT YOU WERE OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES WHEN THE OFFER TO PURCHASE THE EQUITY SHARES WAS MADE TO YOU AND YOU ARE CURRENTLY OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES AND THAT YOU ARE NOT ACQUIRING OR SUBSCRIBING FOR THE EQUITY SHARES AS A RESULT OF ANY “DIRECTED SELLING EFFORTS” (AS DEFINED IN REGULATION S).
THE PRELIMINARY PLACEMENT DOCUMENT PRESENTED HEREIN IS PLACED SOLELY TO COMPLY WITH THE PROVISIONS OF CHAPTER VI OF THE SEBI ICDR REGULATIONS AND SECTIONS 42 AND 62 OF THE COMPANIES ACT. ACCESS TO THIS WEBSITE SHALL NOT FORM THE BASIS OF, OR BE RELIED UPON IN CONNECTION WITH, ANY CONTRACT OR COMMITMENT WHATSOEVER. WE ARE NOT SOLICITING ANY ACTION OR DECISION BASED ON THE INFORMATION ON THIS WEBSITE.
THE PRELIMINARY PLACEMENT DOCUMENT HAS NOT BEEN AND WILL NOT BE FILED AS A PROSPECTUS OR A STATEMENT IN LIEU OF PROSPECTUS WITH ANY REGISTRAR OF COMPANIES IN INDIA UNDER THE COMPANIES ACT. THE PRELIMINARY PLACEMENT DOCUMENT SHALL BE FILED AS A PRIVATE PLACEMENT OFFER LETTER WITH THE STOCK EXCHANGES. THE PRELIMINARY PLACEMENT DOCUMENT IS EXCLUSIVE TO THE RECIPIENT AND IS NOT INTENDED AND DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER OR A SOLICITATION OR INVITATION OF AN OFFER TO SUBSCRIBE TO THE SECURITIES DESCRIBED IN THE PRELIMINARY PLACEMENT DOCUMENT TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC OR ANY PERSON OR CLASS OF INVESTORS OTHER THAN ELIGIBLE QUALIFIED INSTITUTIONAL BUYERS, AS DEFINED IN THE SEBI ICDR REGULATIONS. THE PRELIMINARY PLACEMENT DOCUMENT HAS NOT BEEN REVIEWED AND APPROVED BY ANY REGULATORY AUTHORITY IN INDIA OR ABROAD, INCLUDING THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE BOARD OF INDIA, RESERVE BANK OF INDIA, ANY REGISTRAR OF COMPANIES IN INDIA OR ANY STOCK EXCHANGE IN INDIA. THE PRELIMINARY PLACEMENT DOCUMENT IS NOT AND SHOULD NOT BE CONSTRUED AS AN INVITATION, OFFER OR SALE OF ANY SECURITIES TO THE PUBLIC IN INDIA.
NONE OF THE COMPANY, THE BOOK RUNNING LEAD MANAGERS AND ANY OF THEIR RESPECTIVE AFFILIATES, ACCEPTS ANY LIABILITY WHATSOEVER, DIRECT OR INDIRECT, THAT MAY ARISE FROM THE USE OF THE INFORMATION CONTAINED ON THIS WEBSITE. ACCESS TO THIS WEBSITE OR THE PRELIMINARY PLACEMENT DOCUMENT DOES NOT CONSTITUTE A RECOMMENDATION BY THE COMPANY, THE BOOK RUNNING LEAD MANAGERS, ANY OF THEIR RESPECTIVE AFFILIATES OR ANY OTHER PARTY TO SUBSCRIBE TO OR BUY OR SELL THE EQUITY SHARES. MAKING PRESS ANNOUNCEMENTS AND OTHER DOCUMENTS AVAILABLE IN ELECTRONIC FORMAT DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL OR THE SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY EQUITY SHARES IN THE COMPANY. THE PRELIMINARY PLACEMENT DOCUMENT, WILL NOT BE CIRCULATED OR DISTRIBUTED TO THE PUBLIC IN INDIA OR ANY OTHER JURISDICTION, AND WILL NOT CONSTITUTE A PUBLIC OFFER IN INDIA OR ANY OTHER JURISDICTION.
THE INFORMATION IN THE PRELIMINARY PLACEMENT DOCUMENT IS AS OF THE DATE THEREOF AND NEITHER THE COMPANY, ITS DIRECTORS NOR THE BOOK RUNNING LEAD MANAGERS ARE UNDER ANY OBLIGATION TO UPDATE OR REVISE THE PRELIMINARY PLACEMENT DOCUMENT TO REFLECT CIRCUMSTANCES ARISING AFTER THE DATE THEREOF.
THE ISSUE, AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE PRELIMINARY PLACEMENT DOCUMENT IS BEING MADE TO QUALIFIED INSTITUTIONAL BUYERS AS DEFINED UNDER THE SEBI ICDR REGULATIONS (“QIBs”) WHICH ARE NOT RESTRICTED FROM PARTICIPATING IN THE ISSUE UNDER THE APPLICABLE LAWS, INCLUDING THE SEBI ICDR REGULATIONS, ARE ELIGIBLE TO INVEST IN THIS ISSUE (“ELIGIBLE QIBs”) IN RELIANCE UPON CHAPTER VI OF THE SEBI ICDR REGULATIONS AND SECTIONS 42 AND 62, AND OTHER APPLICABLE PROVISIONS OF THE COMPANIES ACT. UNLESS A SERIALLY NUMBERED PRELIMINARY PLACEMENT DOCUMENT ACCOMPANIED BY AN APPLICATION FORM IS ADDRESSED TO A SPECIFIC QIB INVITING SUCH QIB TO MAKE A BID THROUGH SUCH APPLICATION FORM, NO OFFER AND/OR INVITATION OF OFFER SHALL BE DEEMED TO HAVE BEEN MADE. YOU ACKNOWLEDGE THAT ACCESS TO THE PRELIMINARY PLACEMENT DOCUMENT IS INTENDED FOR USE BY YOU ONLY AND YOU AGREE NOT TO FORWARD THE PRELIMINARY PLACEMENT DOCUMENT ON TO ANY OTHER PERSON, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, OR OTHERWISE PROVIDE ACCESS VIA E-MAIL OR OTHERWISE TO ANY OTHER PERSON.
YOU ARE ACCESSING THIS WEBSITE AT YOUR OWN RISK AND IT IS YOUR RESPONSIBILITY TO TAKE PRECAUTIONS TO ENSURE THAT IT IS FREE FROM VIRUSES AND OTHER ITEMS OF A DESTRUCTIVE NATURE. NEITHER THE COMPANY, THE BOOK RUNNING LEAD MANAGERS NOR ANY OF THEIR AFFILIATES, DIRECTORS, OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES WILL BE LIABLE OR HAVE ANY RESPONSIBILITY OF ANY KIND FOR ANY LOSS OR DAMAGE THAT YOU INCUR IN THE EVENT OF ANY FAILURE OR DISRUPTION OF THIS WEBSITE, OR RESULTING FROM THE ACT OR OMISSION OF ANY OTHER PARTY INVOLVED IN MAKING THIS WEBSITE OR THE DATA CONTAINED THEREIN AVAILABLE TO YOU, OR FROM ANY OTHER CAUSE RELATING TO YOUR ACCESS TO, INABILITY TO ACCESS, OR USE OF THE WEBSITE OR THESE MATERIALS. IT IS YOUR RESPONSIBILITY TO TAKE PRECAUTIONS TO ENSURE THAT IT IS FREE FROM VIRUSES AND OTHER ITEMS OF A DESTRUCTIVE NATURE.
THE PRELIMINARY PLACEMENT DOCUMENT MAY CONTAIN STATEMENTS ABOUT FUTURE EVENTS AND EXPECTATIONS THAT CONSTITUTE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS. THERE CAN BE NO ASSURANCE THAT THE RESULTS AND EVENTS CONTEMPLATED BY THE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS CONTAINED THERE WILL IN FACT OCCUR. THE COMPANY, ITS DIRECTORS, THE BOOK RUNNING LEAD MANAGERS OR ANY OF THEIR RESPECTIVE AFFILIATES DO NOT MAKE ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AS TO, AND DO NOT ACCEPT ANY RESPONSIBILITY OR LIABILITY WITH RESPECT TO, THE FAIRNESS, ACCURACY, COMPLETENESS OR CORRECTNESS OF ANY INFORMATION OR OPINION IN THE PRELIMINARY PLACEMENT DOCUMENT.
IF YOU ACCESS THE PRELIMINARY PLACEMENT DOCUMENT CONTRARY TO THE FOREGOING RESTRICTIONS, YOU WILL BE INELIGIBLE TO PURCHASE THE SECURITIES.
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THE PRELIMINARY PLACEMENT DOCUMENT MAY NOT BE DOWNLOADED, DELIVERED, FORWARDED OR DISTRIBUTED, ELECTRONICALLY OR OTHERWISE, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, TO ANY OTHER PERSON AND MAY NOT BE REPRODUCED IN ANY MANNER WHATSOEVER. ANY DOWNLOADING, FORWARDING, DELIVERY, DISTRIBUTION OR REPRODUCTION OF THE PRELIMINARY PLACEMENT DOCUMENT IN WHOLE OR IN PART IS UNAUTHORIZED. FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH THIS DISCLAIMER MAY RESULT IN A VIOLATION OF THE APPLICABLE LAWS.
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